Russia's Central Elections Commission claimed on Sunday that the United Russia party, which staunchly backs President Vladimir Putin, was leading local ballots in four Ukrainian regions occupied by Russian forces.
The Kremlin claimed to have annexed the eastern and southern territories late last year despite not having full military control over them, and the so-called elections have been dismissed by Ukraine and its allies as a sham.
Data posted on the Commission's website purported to show that the electorate in the war-battered territories -- where Ukraine has opened news fronts -- had backed United Russia after an initial count.
The polls also being held across Russia come ahead of presidential elections planned for next year expected to prolong Putin's rule until least 2030.
His opponents are in exile or jail and Moscow has criminalised criticism of its conflict in Ukraine and detained thousands for speaking out.
Authorities set up mobile polling booths days ahead of the vote in annexed Donetsk, Lugansk, Kherson, and Zaporizhzhia, where Moscow said a polling station was attacked by a Ukrainian drone.
Voting was also taking place in Crimea, which Russia annexed from Ukraine in 2014.
Ukrainian security services said they had compiled a list of "collaborators" helping to organise the voting and vowed retribution.
- 'Live in peace' -
In Rostov-on-Don, a southwest city close to Ukraine's border that was attacked by drones this week, two voters told AFP the conflict was their main worry.
"We just want to live in peace with our children," said 40-year-old Nina Antonova.
"Everyone is worried about this one problem -- the war. We don't have any other concerns," said 84-year-old Anatoli, a pensioner who declined to give his last name.
In Moscow, which was hosting a mayoral vote, there were very few campaign posters.
Mayor Sergei Sobyanin -- a Siberian-born Kremlin loyalist in post since 2010 -- was omnipresent on television in recent days, opening new regional train routes, a motorway and renovated hospitals.
In his 13 years at the helm of Europe's largest city, Sobyanin has presided over numerous mega-projects that have transformed Moscow's skyline.
In 2013, he was almost defeated by anti-corruption campaigner Alexei Navalny.
Navalny was jailed in 2020 on old fraud charges his allies say were a pretext to end his political work.
Sobyanin, the easy favourite, is up against the grandson of a veteran Communist politician and a little-known candidate from a new party dubbed "New People".
Moscow residents however praised Sobyanin in interviews with AFP for modernising the city.
"Just yesterday, two metro stations opened," 21-year-old student Rukhin Aliyev told AFP.
"Moscow is blossoming in front of our eyes."
Musician Kirill Lobanov said Sobyanin had done "very well" as mayor, particularly "in the last year" marked by the conflict.
Sobyanin has in recent months sought to downplay increasing Ukrainian drone attacks on Moscow that have hit the Kremlin and crashed into the capital's iconic financial district.
- 'High alert' -
In regions bordering Ukraine that have seen frequent attacks by Kyiv this summer, voting was going ahead with additional security precautions.
Electoral commission chief Ella Pamfilova said voting had been postponed in Shebekino, a district of the Belgorod region that has been hit by shelling, "due to a regime of high alert".
Observers say one of the few competitive races in Russia's 11 time zones has emerged in Siberia's remote Khakassia, where governor Valentin Konovalov is seeking re-election.
The 35-year-old Communist defeated a Kremlin-backed candidate in 2018 after a wave of rare protests in the sparsely populated mountainous region.
In this year's campaign, he initially faced Moscow-backed candidate Sergei Sokol, who portrayed himself as a Kremlin-decorated "hero" who fought in Ukraine.
Sokol dropped out at the last minute, citing health reasons. Konovalov is one of few regional leaders not backed by the Kremlin who remains in office.
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