Middle-aged people not getting enough sleep are less likely to see the benefits of exercise when comes to protecting against decline in skills such as memory and thinking, scientists have said. Researchers from University College London (UCL) found that those in their 50s and 60s who performed regular physical activities but slept less than six hours a night had a faster decline in these skills overall. The team found that after a decade, their cognitive functions – such as attention, memory and learning – were the same as those who did less physical activity. The researchers said their study, published in journal The Lancet Healthy Longevity, highlights the need for sleep to protect against cognitive decline as people get older. Lead author Dr Mikaela Bloomberg, of UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, said: “Our study suggests that getting sufficient sleep may be required for us to get the full cognitive benefits of physical activity. “It shows how important it is to consider sleep and physical activity together when thinking about cognitive health. “Previous studies examining how sleep and physical activity might combine to affect cognitive function have primarily been cross-sectional – only focusing on a snapshot in time – and we were surprised that regular physical activity may not always be sufficient to counter the long-term effects of lack of sleep on cognitive health.” The World Health Organisation already identifies physical activity as a way to maintain cognitive function, but interventions should also consider sleep habits to maximise long-term benefits for cognitive health Prof Andrew Steptoe For the study, the team looked at data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (Elsa) from nearly 9,000 people aged 50 and over. Their cognitive function was assessed over a period of 10 years with various memory and verbal fluency tests. Questionnaires were also used to assess how long they slept and whether this was less or more than six hours. People were also asked about their levels of physical activity. At the start of the study, those who were more physically active also had better cognitive function regardless of how long they slept. However, this changed over the 10-year period, with more physically active short sleepers in their 50s and 60s experiencing more rapid cognitive decline, the researchers said. But for people aged 70 and over, the benefits of exercise on cognitive function were maintained, despite short sleep, the team added. Co-author professor Andrew Steptoe, of UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, said: “It is important to identify the factors that can protect cognitive function in middle and later life as they can serve to prolong our cognitively healthy years and, for some people, delay a dementia diagnosis. “The World Health Organisation already identifies physical activity as a way to maintain cognitive function, but interventions should also consider sleep habits to maximise long-term benefits for cognitive health.” Read More 8 best kids’ bunk beds that are fun and functional Nurture your health and wellbeing this season The best holidays to book for August, from beach breaks in Portugal to stays on an Italian lake More travelers get cozy with glamping, even amid high costs People who sleep very late may die earlier due to unhealthy habits, study says

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Donald Trump, fresh off being indicted alongside his allies in Georgia for conspiring to subvert the state’s 2020 presidential election results, has shared a moody new campaign video which seems to obliquely reference his recent legal troubles. In a clip shared on his Truth Social account, the former president appears in a black and white montage, as the poem The Proof of Worth by Edgar Albert Guest is read in the background. The poem centres around themes of persisting through adversity. One stanza reads: The test of a man is how much he will bear/ For a cause which he knows to be right,/How long will he stand in the depths of despair,/How much will he suffer and fight?/There are many to serve when the victory’s near/And few are the hurts to be borne,/But it calls for a leader of courage to cheer/The men in a battle forlorn. The following section continues: It’s the way you hold out against odds that are great/That proves what your courage is worth,/It’s the way that you stand to the bruises of fate/That shows up your stature and girth./And victory’s nothing but proof of your skill,/Veneered with a glory that’s thin,/Unless it is proof of unfaltering will,/And unless you have suffered to win. The message of the video is likely in reference to Mr Trump’s recent Monday indictment, which accused him and 18 other defendants of attempting to illegally overturn Joe Biden’s 2020 election win in Georgia. In addition to the former president facing charges, the indictment in Fulton County also names a number of other high-profile figures including former White House chief of staff Mark Meadows, Trump lawyer and ex-New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani, attorney Sidney Powell, John Eastman, along with former US Department of Justice official Jeffrey Clark, and those falsely appointed as “alternate” Georgia electors. Mr Trump has claimed he will unveil an “irrefutable” report that will exonerate him from the charges laid out in the indictment, which he has previously branded as a politically motivated “witch hunt.” “A Large, Complex, Detailed but Irrefutable REPORT on the Presidential Election Fraud which took place in Georgia is almost complete & will be presented by me at a major News Conference at 11:00 A.M. on Monday of next week in Bedminster, New Jersey,” Mr Trump wrote on Truth Social on Tuesday. Read More Giuliani is too ‘busy’ to address Georgia indictment - after he reacted to it on livestream Trump claims mystery press conference report clears him of Georgia election charges: Live updates What is racketeering? Donald Trump charged with Mafia-busting law Giuliani is too ‘busy’ to address Georgia indictment - after reacting to it live What is racketeering? Donald Trump charged with Mafia-busting law Georgia case against Trump presents problems from the start: from jury selection to a big courtroom

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